血浆定义为物质的第四个状态,在高电场下可以在大气压下产生非热血浆。现在众所周知,血浆激活液体(PAL)的强和广谱抗菌作用。机器学习(ML)在医疗领域的可靠适用性也鼓励其在等离子体医学领域的应用。因此,在PALS上的ML应用可以提出一种新的观点,以更好地了解各种参数对其抗菌作用的影响。在本文中,通过使用先前获得的数据来定性预测PAL的体外抗菌活性,从而介绍了比较监督的ML模型。进行了文献搜索,并从33个相关文章中收集了数据。在所需的预处理步骤之后,将两种监督的ML方法(即分类和回归)应用于数据以获得微生物灭活(MI)预测。对于分类,MI分为四类,对于回归,MI被用作连续变量。为分类和回归模型进行了两种不同的可靠交叉验证策略,以评估所提出的方法。重复分层的K折交叉验证和K折交叉验证。我们还研究了不同特征对模型的影响。结果表明,高参数优化的随机森林分类器(ORFC)和随机森林回归者(ORFR)分别比其他模型进行了分类和回归的模型更好。最后,获得ORFC的最佳测试精度为82.68%,ORFR的R2为0.75。 ML技术可能有助于更好地理解在所需的抗菌作用中具有主要作用的血浆参数。此外,此类发现可能有助于将来的血浆剂量定义。
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A fundamental characteristic common to both human vision and natural language is their compositional nature. Yet, despite the performance gains contributed by large vision and language pretraining, we find that - across 6 architectures trained with 4 algorithms on massive datasets - they exhibit little compositionality. To arrive at this conclusion, we introduce a new compositionality evaluation benchmark CREPE which measures two important aspects of compositionality identified by cognitive science literature: systematicity and productivity. To measure systematicity, CREPE consists of three test datasets. The three test sets are designed to test models trained on three of the popular training datasets: CC-12M, YFCC-15M, and LAION-400M. They contain 385K, 385K, and 373K image-text pairs and 237K, 210K, and 178K hard negative captions. To test productivity, CREPE contains 17K image-text pairs with nine different complexities plus 246K hard negative captions with atomic, swapping, and negation foils. The datasets are generated by repurposing the Visual Genome scene graphs and region descriptions and applying handcrafted templates and GPT-3. For systematicity, we find that model performance decreases consistently when novel compositions dominate the retrieval set, with Recall@1 dropping by up to 8%. For productivity, models' retrieval success decays as complexity increases, frequently nearing random chance at high complexity. These results hold regardless of model and training dataset size.
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Recent works have shown that unstructured text (documents) from online sources can serve as useful auxiliary information for zero-shot image classification. However, these methods require access to a high-quality source like Wikipedia and are limited to a single source of information. Large Language Models (LLM) trained on web-scale text show impressive abilities to repurpose their learned knowledge for a multitude of tasks. In this work, we provide a novel perspective on using an LLM to provide text supervision for a zero-shot image classification model. The LLM is provided with a few text descriptions from different annotators as examples. The LLM is conditioned on these examples to generate multiple text descriptions for each class(referred to as views). Our proposed model, I2MVFormer, learns multi-view semantic embeddings for zero-shot image classification with these class views. We show that each text view of a class provides complementary information allowing a model to learn a highly discriminative class embedding. Moreover, we show that I2MVFormer is better at consuming the multi-view text supervision from LLM compared to baseline models. I2MVFormer establishes a new state-of-the-art on three public benchmark datasets for zero-shot image classification with unsupervised semantic embeddings.
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随着在各个领域中自适应系统的越来越多,对评估其正确行为的策略的需求越来越多。特别是旨在提供弹性和容忍性的自我修复系统,通常会在关键和高度动态的环境中处理意外的故障。它们的反应性和复杂行为使评估这些系统是否按照期望的目标执行起来挑战。最近,一些研究对缺乏自我修复行为的系统评估方法表示关注。在本文中,我们提出了国际象棋,这是一种基于混乱工程的自适应和自我修复系统系统评估的方法。混乱工程是一种使系统遇到意外条件和场景的方法。它在帮助开发人员构建有弹性的微服务体系结构和网络物理系统方面表现出了巨大的希望。国际象棋通过使用混乱工程来评估自我修复系统能够承受这种扰动的能力来解决这个想法。我们通过对自我修复的智能办公环境进行探索性研究来研究这种方法的可行性。该研究有助于我们探索方法的承诺和局限性,并确定需要额外工作的方向。我们总结了经验教训的摘要。
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近年来,随着新颖的策略和应用,神经网络一直在迅速扩展。然而,尽管不可避免地会针对关键应用程序来解决这些挑战,例如神经网络技术诸如神经网络技术中仍未解决诸如神经网络技术的挑战。已经尝试通过用符号表示来表示和嵌入域知识来克服神经网络计算中的挑战。因此,出现了神经符号学习(Nesyl)概念,其中结合了符号表示的各个方面,并将常识带入神经网络(Nesyl)。在可解释性,推理和解释性至关重要的领域中,例如视频和图像字幕,提问和推理,健康信息学和基因组学,Nesyl表现出了有希望的结果。这篇综述介绍了一项有关最先进的Nesyl方法的全面调查,其原理,机器和深度学习算法的进步,诸如Opthalmology之类的应用以及最重要的是该新兴领域的未来观点。
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在这项研究中,我们旨在提供出于语言动机的解决方案,以解决缺乏无效词素的代表性,高生产力的衍生过程和土耳其语中的融合词素的问题,而在Boun Treebank中没有与普遍的依赖关系框架不同。为了解决这些问题,通过将某些引理并在UD框架中使用MISC(其他)选项卡来表示新的注释约定来表示派生。在基于LSTM的依赖性解析器上测试了重新注释的树库的代表性功能,并引入了船工具的更新版本。
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